Pastoralism remains one of the most important livelihood systems in the Horn of Africa, supporting millions of people through livestock keeping and small-scale agriculture. Across countries such as Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, and Uganda, pastoral communities have historically survived harsh climatic conditions through mobility, communal grazing systems, and indigenous coping mechanisms. However, climate change …

On 25 April 2026, jihadist armed group Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) and the Tuareg Azawad Liberation Front (FLA) launched coordinated attacks on urban centres and military installations in Mali.