That terrorist activity is an important feature in the Horn of Africa
region is well documented. The activity, motivated by political, ethnic,
and/or religious ideologies, often manifests through acts of terrorism
and radicalization into violent extremism. All IGAD member states +
Tanzania have experienced one form of terrorist activity or another in
recent times. Actors in the field of terrorism have suggested ways to
prevent and/or counter violent extremism (P/CVE), including arresting
extremists; eliminating leaders of extremist groups; shutting down
or destroying physical and virtual spaces used by extremists; and
instituting deradicalization programs. The results have been mixed.
In some cases, such intervention has reduced the incidents and/
or prevalence of violent extremism. In others, it has had no effect. In
others still, violent extremism has increased.
Pastoralism remains one of the most important livelihood systems in the Horn of Africa, supporting millions of people through livestock keeping and small-scale agriculture
